TiO₂ NPs

Synthesis Procedure:

1. • Preparation of TiO₂ Precursor Solution:

     1. Dissolve 0.1N titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in 20 mL of ethanol.

     2. Stir the solution continuously for 30 minutes using a magnetic stirrer to ensure complete dissolution.

   • Dispersion and Hydrothermal Treatment:

     1. Add a few drops of distilled water to create a dispersion medium.

     2. Subject the solution to ultrasonication in a bath for 20 minutes to enhance uniformity.

     3. Transfer the well-mixed solution into a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave.

     4. Heat the autoclave at 150°C for 3 hours to facilitate the formation of TiO₂ nanoparticles 

   • Purification and Drying Process:

     1. Allow the autoclave to cool naturally to room temperature.

     2. Wash the precipitate thoroughly with deionized water to remove impurities.

     3. Use a centrifuge to separate the nanosheets.

   • Heat Treatment for Crystallization:

     1. Dry the sample in a vacuum oven at 110°C for 5 hours.

     2. Follow this with heating in a muffle furnace at 500°C for 2 hours to enhance crystallinity.

     3. Allow the sample to cool slowly to ensure proper structure formation.

   • Final Collection:

     1. Collect the synthesized TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) for further analysis and applications.